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HomeMy WebLinkAbout90-0411 Clarke Outdoor q0-o4\\ **SERVICE CONTRACT** CLARKE OUTDOOR SPRAYING COMPANY, INC. SERVICE GUARANTEE AND AGREEMENT FOR THE 1990-1991 CITY OF ELGIN ENVIRONMENTAL MOSQUITO MANAGEMENT (EMM) PROGRAM I. Service Guarantee. The Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company, Inc. is committed to providing the City of Elgin with environmentally safe services, and guarantees program satisfaction. Clarke will respond and resolve all verbal or written concerns from community officials and residents over program effectiveness, and re-treat any areas not satisfactorily covered. II. EMM Payment Plan. As specified in the Cost Outline, the 1990 EMM program cost of 015,668.00 for the City of Elgin will be made in four equal installments. The City of Elgin has the option to accept a two (2) year contract for 1991, not to exceed 6% over 1990 rates. PAYMENT SCHEDULE 1990 Season 1991 Season May 1 3,917.00 4,152.00 June 1 3,917.00 4,152.00 July 1 3,917.00 4,152.00 August 1 3,917.00 4,152.00 TOTAL: 415&668.00 $16{608.00 III. Approved Contract Period and Agreement. Please check the following Contract Period: ( ) 1990 Season Only. ( k ) 1990-1991 Season (New areas to be covered in 1991 will be prorated to the program cost at the rates in effect at the time. ) FOR THE CITY OFAipp Name: Title: City Managpr Date: 4-11-90 FOR :E C , • E OU is COMPANY, INC. Name: •� AlliNG = Title: Control Consultant Date: 2-C.-410 ye. 1 Clarke III, Ph.D. Entomologist -15- IV. ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION Invoices should be sent to: Name •1PgUL St-051 Address co( D-e-x}er C . City Ue_ ty\ Zip (0oI9.0 Contact Person for the City of Elgin : Name ?AUL 0469 Office # : (7O )-&-75-46b0 x a5-/ Home # : (70g ).... 3 '. . Alternate Contact Person for the City of Elgin: Name T3.(-44 ?ohner Office # : (708 )-05-6500 x310 Home # : ( )- -16- 1 • 2- 61_ Agenda Item No. N.-4&"m111:' March 16, 1990 MEMORANDUM TO: Mayor and Members of the City Council FROM: Larry Rice, City Manager SUBJECT: Proposal for 1990 Mosquito Control Program PURPOSE Attached is the proposal for mosquito control, submitted by Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company, for the 1990 season. BACKGROUND The proposed program is similar to the prior years ' program. The targeted mosquito management service provides for control of the mosquito at the larval stage, using biological control agents, where possible, and approved organophosphates. Optional adult mosquito control measures are available for use in parks, special events or in case of an encephalitis outbreak. FINANCIAL IMPACT The cost of this program will be $15 ,688 for 1990 with a second year option not exceeding 6% of the 1990 rate ($16,608) . The amount budgeted for the 1990 season is $15, 125. The cost of the program in 1989 was $13,739.40. RECOMMENDATION From three mosquito abatement companies that were solicited for bids, Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company submitted the sole bid. This program was reviewed by the Public Health Officer. The staff recommends approval of the contract submitted by Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company for the 1990 season and the proposed option for the 1991 season. La ice, C ty Man ger LR/cj Attachments A **SERVICE CONTRACT** Al_ vt1` �h%s cqb d re0 CLARKE OUTDOOR SPRAYING COMPANY, INC. ,p e ac {``e� �'�J- /���° Go 0`• C',( SERVICE GUARANTEE AND AGREEMENT FOR �Or °'7 a Osi `r r6, Q.e,S,S S COc3 THE 1990-1991 CITY OF ELGIN 1%/�,S1Gr' �r ENVIRONMENTAL MOSQUITO MANAGEMENT (ENN) PROGRAM I. Service Guarantee. The Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company, Inc. is committed to providing the City of Elgin with environmentally safe services, and guarantees program satisfaction. Clarke will respond and resolve all verbal or written concerns from community officials and residents over program effectiveness, and re-treat any areas not satisfactorily covered. II. EMM Payment Plan. As specified in the Cost Outline, the 1990 EMM program cost of 015,668.00 for the City will be made in four equal installments. The City of Elgin has the option to accept a two (2) year contract for 1991, not to exceed 6% over 1990 rates. PAYMENT SCHEDULE 1990 Season 1991 Season May 1 3,917.00 4,152.00 June 1 3,917.00 4,152.00 July 1 3,917.00 4,152.00 August 1 3,917.00 4,152.00 TOTAL: , 15.668.00 k16.608.00, III. Approved Contract Period and Agreement. Please check the following Contract Period: Please complete and return ( ) 1990 Season Only. this ccpy for our files ( ) 1990-1991 Season (New areas to be covered in 1991 will be prorated to the program cost at the rates in effect at the time. ) FOR THE CITY OF ELGIN: Name: Title: Date: FOR THE C . - 90 its �• . ING COMPANY, INC. • SJ!Name: • ♦ � Title: Control Consultant Date: Z-L.-c(a rIl �larke III, Ph.D. Entomologist -15- I p`P mss, ca�,.AjP� IV. ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION ' rC,,.� O. Invoices should be sent to: '/4 Name Address City Zip Contact Person for the City of Elgin: Name Office # : ( )- Home # : ( ) - Alternate Contact Person for the City of Elgin: Name Office # : ( )- Home #: ( 1- ,- -16- 1990-1991 CITY OF ELGIN ENVIRONMENTAL MOSQUITO MANAGEMENT PROGRAM TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM PAGE COVER LETTER PROGRAM DESCRIPTION 1-12 COST OUTLINE 13-14 SERVICE CONTRACT 15-16 INSURANCE CERTIFICATES 17 • MEMBER: AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION �.�..1i.4' ..�.:. srId •a✓ . .J '4 .-•► :v rS.: �.ta✓uvrt�' U'A1.64C. COMMUNITY MOSQUITO CONTROL PROGRAMS = 1:0 nCEN AVENUE ' P.O. 30X 72238 ' 9C5ELL:, LLIINOIS )0172 TELEPHONE February 6, 1990 Mr. Paul Slaby, R.S. Public Health Officer City of Elgin 150 Dexter Court Elgin, Illinois 60120-5555 Dear Mr. Slaby: 1989 marked the first year of Environmental Mosquito Management (EMM) for the City of Elgin. This refined approach to community mosquito control placed an emphasis on survey and mapping, population monitoring, and intensive larval control through computer and biological methodologies. The net result for the City of Elgin residents was the implementation of one of the most environmentally sensitive, integrated mosquito management programs in the Midwest. Attached is the proposal for the 1990-1991 City of Elgin Environmental Mosquito Management Program. The extensive EMM program description details the approach and philosophy. As in 1989, the City receives a simplification in billing to only four monthly invoices, as well as a predictable budget and expenditure for the 1990 and 1991 seasons. Finally, since our chemical liability premium continues to be a major program cost, a 6% insurance surcharge will continue. The 1990 EMM program cost for the City of Elgin represents a 14% increase over 1989 rates. Currently, the pest control industry, and in particular the mosquito control sector, is experiencing spiraling costs. The following are the major contributing factors: 1. A 15% labor increase to stay competitive in the summer job market; 2. A 15% increase in fuel prices; 3. A 15%-20% increase in mosquito control specialty pesticides; the U.S.E.P.A. has purged obsolete product labels so that fewer products are available for suppliers to spread R & D and registration costs; and 4. New state and federal laws concerning safe handling and disposal of pesticide containers. City of Elgin February 6, 1990 Page 2. . To protect the City of Elgin from future increases of this magnitude in 1991, we are pleased to offer the City an option for 1991 not to exceed a 6% increase over the 1990 program cost. If you have any questions concerning your EMM program, please do not hesitate to contact us. We appreciate the opportunity to serve The City of Elgin, and look forward to continuing this environmenally-oriented approach for the 1990 and 1991 seasons. Sincerely, \ . ---Q—Q----CS ------ J.(4 ell III, Ph.D. Control Consultant/Entomologist JLC/so Enclosure Environmental Mosquito Management - A Biorational Approach Introduction Until recently, the control of mosquitoes, as well as other pests in urban and agricultural environments, has meant a heavy reliance upon chemicals to reduce pest numbers once an outbreak has occurred. Pesticides have resulted in many remarkable successes in controlling a wide variety of urban and agricultural pests. However, this reliance on pesticides has fueled major concerns and controversies. Research scientists in certain disciplines have indicated increasing concern over pest resistance to chemicals, while public and regulatory pressures have often sought to restrict pesticide use largely because of perceived environmental concerns. As a result, there has been impetus for a major shift, philosophically and practically, to the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) , which is defined as follows: "a process consisting of the balanced use of cultural , biological and chemical procedures that are environmentally compatible and economically feasible to reduce pest populations to a tolerable level" (Owens 1986) . Recent mosquito control developments in the past decade, including biological insecticides, computer technologies and control strategies have provided the necessary tools for the implementation of a true IPM approach to community mosquito control . These significant advancements have enabled Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company to offer a refined IPM approach for the 1990's termed: Environmental Mosquito Management (EMM). Environmental Mosquito Management, like other pest management programs, should be considered aprocess and not just a reaction (e.g. spraying an insecticide) to pest presence. The EMM process places an emphasis on survey and mapping, population monitoring, and intensive larval control through biological and computer methodologies. The adult mosquito control component of the EMM process involves careful and strategic chemical applications only when established thresholds are reached. All components of the EMM program conform with the 1988 Illinois Department of Public Health mosquito control recommendations, and utilize United States E.P.A. registered products. The objectives of the EMM program are to control nuisance mosquitoes, and reduce the potential of mosquito-borne disease transmission in order to provide a comfortable and healthy atmosphere for community residents. In the State of Illinois, approximately 55 mosquito species are known to occur, of which, four are of primary concern. The primary nuisance species is Aedes vexans, the inland floodwater mosquito. This species lays its eggs singly on dry grounds in areas subject to intermittent flooding. Although Aedes vexans presents no major public health hazard, broods of these vicious bit ni g mosquites can migrate up to 20 miles and cause from 70 to 90 percent of the season's annoyance. -1- The other three species, Culex pipiens, Aedes triseriatus, and Aedes albopictus, are considered vectors of isease. CulexTiens, the northern house mosquito, is recognized as the primary vector of'"St: ouis encephalitis and dog heartworm in northern Illinois. Normally, this mosquito develops in polluted waters and artificial containers, such as gutters, tires, empty cans, and catch basins. Aedes triseriatus, the tree hole mosquito, is considered by many to be the most important species in the State of Illinois because of its ability to transmit La Crosse encephalitis. This mosquito develops in the cavities of trees, as well as discarded tires and other artificial containers. Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito, was first reported in the Chicagoland area in the summer of 1987. It develops in numerous artificial containers including discarded tires, and is seen as a potential vector of La Crosse encephalitis in the Midwest. ENVIRONMENTAL MOSQUITO MANAGEMENT - PROGRAM OUTLINE The environmental mosquito management program consists of the following phases: 1. General Services 2. Surveillance and Monitoring 3. Larval Control 4. Adult Control Phase One - General Services Survey and Mapping. The basis of a community's mosquito control program is a comprehensive larval site survey. The objective of this survey is to clearly define, map, categorize, measure total number of potential larval development sites, and determine site acreage. Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company performs an aerial survey to systematically map all potential mosquito development sites within the community boundary. In preparation of the survey, a Bell-47 helicopter is utilized with trained specialists as well as ground survey teams. Larval sites are plotted on U.S.G.S. topographical maps, the acreage is measured and a reference number and habitat type are assigned. Field inspection maps are developed from the master larval site survey. Other operational maps include harborage areas, catch basins, fish stocking locations, and aerial and truck adulticiding routes. The above operational maps are updated annually to reflect community growth and development. Computer System. To implement the EMM program, Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company utilizes an in-house computer system for resource requirement planning, operational scheduling, larval site history, adult mosquito population monitoring, and budget analysis. Public Relations. Release of accurate and well-timed information to the public is extremely important because an informed populace is much more likely to cooperate with and support mosquito control efforts. In addition, they may be encouraged to protect themselves personally and reduce mosquito larval development on their private property. The EMM public relations program is achieved through the distribution of informational pamphlets, periodic news releases, network and cable -2- television, and radio interviews. Video and slide presentations and/or discussions on all phases of mosquito control are available to interested civic groups, service clubs, and schools. Mosquito Hotline Citizen Response System. Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company maintains the toll-free Mosquito Hotline (1-800/942-2555) to encourage the direct feedback of community residents during the course of the mosquito season. Each call is answered and logged directly in Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company's operational scheduling center. The resident's name, address, phone number, and nature of call (e.g. mosquito annoyance, information request, or stagnant water in backyard) is recorded on a permanent call card. All complaints are responded to within 24 hours. Standing water situations are immediately referred to nearby field inspectors via our remote paging system, and mosquito annoyance inquiries are dispatched to the night crew that evening for resolution. Insurance Coverage. Sound insurance protection is a fundamental responsibility of any pest control contractor. Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company has secured and will continue to maintain the highest coverage limits available on the market at the lowest possible premium. The company currently has an insurance package with $1 million limits, which includes bodily injury, property damage, and comprehensive chemical liability for ground and air operations. To offset volatile chemical liability premiums, the EMM program cost will include an insurance surcharge. Program Reports. Communication between the community and Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company is the key to a successful program. During the season, the community contact is kept abreast of all EMM program activities through monthly reports of all services provided. Each report includes a season perspective, mosquito-borne disease update, and year-to-date budget analysis. At the conclusion of the season, the community receives an in-depth annual report and recommendations for the next year. Program Staff. The Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company maintains a diversified staff of 16 full time professionals that utilize a "team approach" to implement the EMM process. This team includes two PH.D. 's in medical entomology, one M.S. in education, two B.S. 's in biological sciences, 1 B.S. in entomology, 1 public health sanitarian, 1 geographer, 1 industrial engineer, and 1 helicopter pilot. In addition, Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company recruits a summer staff of approximately 80 employees from major midwestern universities. Whenever possible students are selected from the life science disciplines and often receive college credits for an internship experience. Students are compehensively trained by Clarke and state personnel . All personnel utilized in field operations are licensed by the Illinois Department of Agriculture, as required by law. Program Staff - Quality Control. An important part of any mosquito control operation is the use of quality control or "back-checkers". Post treatment inspectors are used to confirm the performance of all seasonal and full-time personnel . -3- Phase Two - Surveillance and Monitoring Defining the distribution and density of target mosquito species in relation to human populations is essential to the success of any program aimed at controlling nuisance and/or disease vectors. Mosquito-Borne Disease Monitoring. In 1975, a massive epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE) occurred in the United States in which nearly 2,000 human cases were diagnosed. The State of Illinois was hardest hit with 600 cases including 47 fatalities. As a result of this epidemic, in 1976, the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) initiated an encephalitis surveillance program to establish an "early warning system" to recognize the potential for future SLE outbreaks, as well as other mosquito-borne diseases. The IDPH has concentrated their surveillance efforts in the southern part of the state where previous outbreaks have occurred. To complement the IDPH effort and provide timely surveillance information for the northern portion of the state, Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company and the Chicago Department of Health, have conducted an SLE surveillance program since 1981. This program includes: the collection of wild bird blood for SLE antibody testing, and the monitoring and control of the Culexpp�ipie��ns population. The data generated provides an early warning of the 71TyTintia potential occurrence of human cases in the Chicagoland area. Aedes albopictus Monitoring and Control. In August of 1987, Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company entomologists discovered the presence of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) in stock-piled used tires on the near north side of the City of Chicago (Rightor et al . 1987) . This species has been imported from Japan through the shipping of tires, and has been reported in at least 18 states. The Chicago infestation is considered the northern most distribution to date. Not only is Aedes albopictus a severe and aggressive biting mosquito, but also a public health threat since it has the ability to transmit La Crosse encephalitis, dengue fever and other mosquito-borne diseases. At this point, no human cases of mosquito- borne diseases in the United States have been attributed to Aedes albopictus. Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company has been a leader in the surveillance and control of the Asian tiger mosquito since its discovery in 1987. For example, based on helicopter surveys, Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company is now monitoring over 300 tire piles in the City of Chicago. In addition, Clarke's 5% Abate Tire Treatment is the only insecticide specifically labeled for the control and prevention of the Asian tiger mosquito in tire piles. Aedes albopictus will continue to be an annual concern and operational priority in order to monitor the occurrence of this public health threat. Aedes vexans Brood Prediction. Aedes vexans, the primary nuisance mosquito in northern Illinois, has a 15 to 20 mile flight range (Clarke 1943, Horsfall et al . 1973). During the course of a season, mosquito broods periodically migrate into a community and override the local larviciding effort. The significant variables that determine the occurrence of these nuisance-causing broods are precipitation and daily average temperatures. In 1967, Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company developed a thermal summation technique which predicts the arrival of Aedes vexans -4- broods and peak annoyance periods (Clarke and Wray 1967). Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company charts climatological data for 8 Chicagoland and 12 other midwestern weather stations to track Aedes vexans brood patterns. The precise knowledge of when peak annoyance periods will occur, in conjunction with light trap counts and public feedback, enables the accurate timing of adult mosquito control applications. New Jersey Light Trap Network. A major tool in any mosquito control effort is a mosquito trapping device called the New Jersey light trap. This trap was developed in the 1930's and is the standard tool for adult mosquito population monitoring. The trap should be located in a residential area, and through a timer mechanism, operated between dusk and dawn, the peak adult mosquito activity period. The trap lures mosquitoes with a 25 watt bulb, which are then drawn into the trap by an electric fan. Data generated by the trap recoveries serves several purposes: 1) confirms the arrival of predicted floodwater mosquito brood migrations, 2) reflects on the effectiveness of mosquito control efforts, and 3) identifies long and short-term changes in adult mosquito populations. Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company utilizes a network of over 130 standard New Jersey light traps in the seven-county Chicago metropolitan area to monitor and evaluate mosquito activity. The community will be kept abreast of floodwater mosquito migrations. When the light trap monitoring system in their community is averaging above 30 female mosquitoes per catch, Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company will advise the community contact of possible excessive annoyance and recommend a solution to provide the most effective adult control . Weather Monitoring. Climatological data and weather conditions are critical factors in the monitoring and control efforts of a mosquito management operation. Wind velocity, temperature, and precipitation patterns greatly impact daily operational activities and effectiveness. For these reasons, Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company has retained the services of Murray and Trettel , Inc., certified consulting meteorologists, since 1978. Climatological data is relayed for Aedes vexans brood prediction charting. Daily forecasts and storm warnings are usedto ensure operations are performed during optimal conditions. Phase Three - Larval Control The foundation and focus of the EMM program is the environmentally sensitive control of larvae within the community boundaries. Effective control of mosquito larvae will prevent their development into adult mosquitoes, and therefore, reduce the need for adult mosquito control measures. The key to environmentally-oriented larval control is the organization and classification of active and potential larval development sites. In the early 1980's Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company developed a software program termed: "Targeted Mosquito Management System" (TMMS) to optimize the larval control component of the EMM process (Wood and Clarke 1985) . The basis of TMMS is a comprehensive larval site survey. The Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company performs an aerial survey to systematically map all potential mosquito development sites within a community. For each mapped site the acreage is measured, and a reference -5- number and habitat type are assigned. The community's site information is entered into the computer to establish one of the two fundamental TMMS data base files. A detailed larval site history completes the TMMS data base for the community. Historical information includes the sites that actually produce larvae, the time of season, frequency of larval occurrence, and the species found in each site. Over an initial three year period of data base development, the site history file is acquired by entering field inspection results into the computer. Data input items include the site number, week number, and species code. After three years of data base development, interaction between the site information and history files produces a field inspection and control strategy for each site within the community. The sites are differentiated into two categories: non-breeding or targeted. The non-breeding sites are considered low priorities, with monthly inspections to maintain the data base. The priority targeted sites, those with a history of producing mosquitoes, are marked for intensive field inspections. Site category reports enable the preparation of general and targeted inspection operational maps. As pointed out in the IDPH publication, Mosquitoes in Illinois, Recommendations for Prevention and Control - 1988, "a single insecticide may not be suitable for control of Tarvae in every habitat. For example, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i.) is effective against floodwater mosquitoes in the relatively clean water 000 land pools, but it is much less effective against Culex in polluted water." In addition, B.t.i. is totally ineffective when used as a prehatch or pre-flood treatment (Clarke and Rowley 1984) . Just as no one medicine is prescribed for all illnesses, no one larvicide is suitable for control of mosquitoes in every habitat. The TMMS output allows for what Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company terms: "Prescription Larval Control", a pest management strategy based on habitat type and species history. Permanent water targeted sites are marked for stocking with Gambusia affinis (mosquitofish) for biological larval control. Temporary targeted sites with a history of producing Aedes floodwater species are specified for helicopter or ground prehatch applications with either an Abate or Altosid slow- release, pellet formulations. The balance of the targeted sites are listed as potentially requiring larviciding at some time during the season with B.t.i . granular larvicide. Data reports enable the development of fish stocking and prehatch operational maps. The community's TMMS is updated and fine-tuned as field inspection results continue to be entered into the computer in subsequent seasons. For any desired period of site history, a "most active sites" report ranks, in descending order, the most prolific sites within the community. The site ranking prioritizes the top ten problem areas for special control recommendations or source reduction. TMMS provides a cost-effective, site-specific (prescription-oriented) plan that prioritizes field operations. Control pressure is maintained on the sites most likely to produce mosquitoes. TMMS allows mosquito control programs to become more environmentally-oriented, because the use of biological controls is encouraged, and minimum dose, slow-release prehatch applications are restricted to historical Aedes production sites. The TMMS computer program is an effective tool that lends iTf well to the Environmental Mosquito Management process. -6- Prescription-Oriented Larvicides. To achieve larval control , the EMM program utilizes the most environmentally-sound and effective products presently available. 1. Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i.) is an extremely safe, Uogical insecticide. This product is toxic only to mosquitoes and a few related insects. The larvae ingest the insecticide, consisting of by tB.t.i . spores and a crystalline toxin produced y the bacteria. Activated he larva's specific gut pH, the crystals disintegrate the digestive tract of the insect. The larva stops feeding and dies before it can pupate and reach adulthood. B.t.i. is the larvicide of choice and is used extensively by Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company in clean water habitats. The product is formulated on a 10/12 mesh corn cob granular and applied at a recommended rate of 5 lbs. per acre. 2. Abate 5% pellets is a new formulation developed by Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company to provide a long-term, 30 day larvicidal action in highly polluted organic water habitats, or as a prehatch in floodplain areas. This unique gypsum pellet slowly releases the Abate for at least 30 days. The low hazard of Abate to humans, birds, fish, and non-target organisms, and its rapid biodegradability, has made it the product of choice in polluted water and floodplain areas. The recommended dosage rate for ground or air application is 5 lbs. per acre. 3. Altosid briquets and pellets are non-toxic, biological insecticides designed to release effective levels of Altosid insect growth regulator (IGR) over a 30-day period under typical environmental conditions. Altosid IGR is released as the briquet or pellet erodes. The Altosid prevents the emergence of adult Culex mosquitoes. Treated larvae continue to develop normally to the pupal stage of the life cycle where they die. Altosid pellets are applied from ground or air at a rate of 5 lbs. per acre. The briquets are primarily used in catch basins at a rate of one briquet per basin. 4. Gambusia affinis. A complementary approach to the use of chemicals in mosquito control, is the use of natural enemies such as predators and parasites. Biological control is a field under intensive research at the present time. To date, the most successful biological control agent is Gambusia affinis, a 1-2 inch predator minnow commonly known as the mo' squ tofish'.Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company obtains G. affinis from its natural habitat in Louisiana and ships them via air freiga-to inois (Wood 1976) . This southern strain is selected because the fish is unable to survive Illinois winters and become permanently established to compete with native fish species. Used as a temporary control measure, the fish are stocked in early June, control mosquito larvae throughout the summer, and die during the winter to preserve the ecological balance. Typical stocking sites include permanent marshes, sewage lagoons, park ponds, and golf course water hazards. Approximately 500 fish are stocked per surface acre. -7- Catch Basin Control. The open street catch basin must be considered the primary Culex larval development area within a community. Heavy production of these mosquitoes is often found in water with high organic content, particularly in catch basins and sewage disposal plants. Retrospective observations following outbreaks of SLE, have suggested Culex development in catch basins as a major contributing factor (Mack et al . 1967, Covell and Resh 1971) . All open street catch basins, inlets, and manholes will be treated with an Altosid briquet for control of mosquito larval development. A minimum of two applications per catch basin (late June and July) are required to suppress Culex development during the key SLE amplification period. Right-hand drive vehicles are utilized to ensure proper placement of the Altosid briquet in each catch basin. Helicopter Prehatch and tarviciding. The eggs of Aedes vexans remain dormant for 1-4 years in floodplain areas and hatch only when Inundation occurs (Horsfall et al . 1973) . Helicopter prehatch applications to historical Aedes vexans sites with 5% Abate pellet insecticide control newly hatched larvae flow g significant periods of precipitation. After field inspections, the helicopter is also utilized to larvicide large, inaccessible sites found developing larvae. Source Reduction Recommendations to Resolve Sanitation Violations. As part of routine inspections, Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company inspectors will note areas such as clogged ditches or streams, neglected swimming pools, and illegal tire and trash dump sites which could potentially be public health hazards. These violations will be outlined in monthly reports. Clarke will assist the community's code enforcement and health officials in any way possible to permanently correct or eliminate these areas as larval development sites. Phase Four - Adult Mosquito Management Introduction. The adult mosquito management portion of the Environmental Mosquito Management process consists of two phases: harborage adulticiding, and residential adulticiding. The goal is to concentrate control efforts in harborage areas with high humidity gradients such as stream or river valleys, margins of wood lots, and densely vegetated parks and recreational areas. (Sjogren and Genereux 1987) . The dispersal of the adult mosquito population into residential areas can be reduced by adulticiding harborage areas where mosquitoes congregate. As a result, residential adulticiding is limited only to periods of excessive annoyance, or during an Illinois Department of Public Health encephalitis alert. Adulticiding in Mosquito Harborage Areas. Harborage areas can be defined as cool , humid spots where adult mosquitoes congregate during sunny, dry periods in the daytime hours, before undertaking localized feeding flights near dusk. Species of mosquitoes with short, localized flight ranges, such as Culex pipiens and Aedes triseriatus, may be permanent residents of these harborage areas. Whereas, VERT. species with longer flight ranges, such as Aedes vexans, often use harborage areas as daytime, stop-over locations while on migration 5gren and Genereux 1987) . -8- Treatment of harborage areas is accomplished using either non-residual or residual adulticides. Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) cold aerosol misting is commonly used to apply non-residual adulticides in harborage (and residential) areas. The ULV technique forces a large flow of air through a special nozzle to shatter insecticide concentrates into a fine, aerosol mist. Truck ULV applications result in an environmentally safe, low insecticide dosage of less than 3/4 of a fluid ounce per acre. The ULV droplets effectively drift and penetrate harborage areas to provide a contact-kill of adult mosquitoes as far as 300-600 feet downwind. Treatment of harborage areas with non-residual adulticides are generally conducted in the early morning hours to take advantage of three factors: 1) minimal public exposure in park and recreational areas; 2) increased mosquito activity at dawn; and 3) control mosquitoes before they move into residential areas. The treatment of harborage areas with residual materials is often termed perimeter or "barrier" treatments. Residual treatment of harboring vegetation not only controls adult mosquitoes within, but often prevents rapid reinfestation to adjacent residential areas. Insecticides with longer residual effect are traditionally applied by a power backpack, power sprayer, or helicopter during daylight hours. The residual insecticide of choice for barrier treatments is Permethrin, a low toxicity, synthetic pyrethroid, that is applied at the dosage rate of .10 lbs. of active ingredient per acre. Adulticiding in Residential Areas. During the course of a season, broods of the floodwater mosquitoes (Aedes vexans) periodically migrate into a community and override the local larviciain g and harborage control efforts. The community will be kept abreast of impending broods based on the prediction model. However, residential ULV adulticiding applications for the control of mosquito annoyance will only be recommended and performed when established annoyance monitoring thresholds are reached. The decision to spray will only be based on an adherence to 30 female mosquitoes per trap night, and/or the actual recognition of a local nuisance problem. To obtain optimum effectiveness, the scheduling and performance of the ULV application will depend upon weather conditions, light trap counts, brood prediction data, and residential feedback. Adult mosquito control operations are based on a ground survey of all streets accessible by truck mounted sprayers. Truck routes are then designed to provide uniform and thorough coverage of all city streets and exact mileages are determined for each route. If an encephalitis alert is issued by IDPH, residential ULV applications should be applied at pot greater than 10 day intervals to break the encephalitis transmission cycle. Residential Adulticiding - Operational Guidelines. Once the decision has been made to perform a community-wide or partial residential ULV application, the following guidelines are strictly adhered to: 1. Time Frame. Applications of adulticides from truck mounted units in residential areas should begin no earlier than sunset and end no later than 1:00 a.m. Exceptions to this will occur under the following circumstances: -9- a. Specific request from the community officials. b. During extreme annoyance or pre-holiday periods (e.g. Memorial Day, July 4th, and Labor Day) . c. IDPH encephalitis alert. 2. Weather Limitations. a. ULV adulticiding should not be performed if temperatures are below 60 degrees F. b. Wind velocities less than or equal to 10 mph. c. No adulticiding should be conducted while it is raining. d. The decision to spray or not spray may depend upon forecasts and storm warnings from consulting meteorologists. Adulticide Selection and Techniques. All chemicals used in the adulticiding program shall be applied with strict compliance to state and federal E.P.A., IDPH, and Illinois Department of Agriculture regulations. To achieve adult control , the EMM program offers three adulticide options for the community's selection. 1. Cythion. Cythion insecticide, the premium grade of 91% malathion, was developed by the American Cyanamid Company, and has been commercially available since 1952. Cythion is a non-systemic, organophosphorus compound with low mammalian toxicity and short residual life. Cythion rapidly biodegrades (1/2 life = 21 hours) into naturally occurring components of the ecosystem. The effectiveness of ULV applications of Cythion have been well documented at the U.S.E.P.A. registered dosage rate of 0.05 pounds of Cythion per acre based on an effective swath width of 300 feet. 2. Dursban 1.5 Mosquitocide. Dursban was developed by Dow Chemical Company, and has been commercially available since 1965. Dursban 1.5 was developed specifically for the mosquito control industry. The benefits of this product include low toxicity, non-corrosive properties and low odor. In addition to the mosquito control market, this product is extensively used for interior pest control , lawn care, and agriculture. Dursban 1.5 is applied at a dosage rate equivalent to 0.005 to 0.01 pounds of chlorpyrifos per acre based on an effective swath width of 300 feet. 3. Scourge. Scourge (resmethrin) is a synthetic pyrethroid that has been proven effective against a wide variety of mosquito species. Scourge is one of the most desirable mosquito adulticides currently available due to its compatibility with the environment, low toxicity, low irritation levels, and the fact it does not harm paint surfaces or wildlife at recommended field use rates. The active ingredients in Scourge photo-biodegrade in less than 4 hours. Scourge is applied at a dosage of .0035 to .007 pounds of Resmethrin per acre based on an effective swath width of 300 feet. -10- Operational Procedures Before Spraying. Prior to starting a community's residential ULV application, the date and time of application is confirmed with the community's contact person and police department. In addition, those community residents that are allergic or philosophically opposed to ULV spraying are phoned from a computer generated call list. Three attempts to reach each resident are made between the hours of 5 and 10 p.m. prior to application. If requested, their addresses shall be marked as "spray shutoff areas" on spray route maps. ULY Equipment. Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company utilizes a fleet of 20 truck mounted LECO ULV sprayers equipped with electronic metering flow control systems for maximum accuracy. The efficiency of ULV depends greatly on those aerosol droplets which are sufficiently small to remain air-borne to hit the adult mosquito. Routine preventative maintenance includes monthly droplet size testing, and daily flow rate calibration checks. In addition, all trucks are equipped with tachographs that permanently record the truck's speed and ULV equipment performance throughout the night. ULY Quality Control. Detailed spray route maps are the basis for residential and harborage ULV applications. At the conclusion of a ULV spraying, actual versus theoretical insecticide consumption amounts are analyzed. Aerial ULY Contingency. In instances when light trap counts exceed 100 female mosquitoes per trap night, or an SLE alert is issued, the community shall have the option to receive ULV applications performed by helicopter. Aerial applications provide a blanket drift of insecticides into residential areas to dramatically reduce excessive nuisance or vector mosquito populations. Aerial applications are performed during dusk and dawn operational windows with a maximum dosage rate of 3.0 fluid ounces per acre at an altitude of 250 feet. Before spraying the community, an F.A.A. flight plan must be approved and residents receive advance notification through the local media. It should be noted that this is an emergency measure, not provided for in the standard Environmental Mosquito Management Program. -11- REFERENCES CITED Clarke, J. L. 1943. Studies on the Flight Range of Mosquitoes. J. Econ. Entomol. 36:121-122. Clarke, J. L., Jr., and F. C. Wray. 1967. Predicting Influxes of Aedes vexans into Urban Areas. Mosq. News 27:156-163. Clarke, J. L. , III, and W. A. Rowley. 1984. Evaluation of Granular Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (Serotype H - 14) Formulations Against Mosquito Larvae in Central Iowa. J. Amer. Control Assoc. 44:502-505. Covell , C. V. , Jr. , and V. H. Resh. 1971. Relative Abundance of Culex pipiens and Culex restuans in Catch Basins in Jefferson County, Kentu Mosq. News 31:73-76. Horsfall , W. R., H. W. Fowler, Jr. , L. J. Moretti , and J. R. Larsen. 1973. Bionomics and Embryology of the Inland Floodwater Mosquito Aedes vexans. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois. Mack, T. M., B. F. Brown, W. D. Sudia, J. C. Todd, H. Maxfield, and ;. ::. 1967. Investigation of an Epidemic of St. Louis Encephalitis in Danville, Kentucky, 1964. J. Med. Entomol . 4:70-76. Mosquitoes in Illinois: Recommendations for Prevention and Control, 1988. Illinois Department of Public Health 28 pp. Owens, J. M. 1986. Urban Pest Management: Concept and Context. In Advances in Urban Pest Management, G. W. Bennett and J. M. Owens (eds.). Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. , New York, pp. 1-12. Rightor, J. A., B. R. Farmer, and J. L. Clarke, Jr. 1987. Aedes albopictus in Chicago, Illinois. J. Amer. Mosq. Control Assoc. 3:657. Sjogren, R. D. , and M. M. Genereux. 1987. Mosquito Control to Fit Your Town. Zoecon Ind., Dallas, Texas. Wood, C. E. 1976. Transporting Gambusia affinis from Alabama and Louisiana and Stocking in Northeastern Illinois. Mosq. News 36:146-150. Wood, C. E. , and J. L. Clarke, Jr. 1985. Computer-Targeting Larval Production Sites for Cost-Effective Mosquito Control . Proc. New Jersey Mosq. Control Assoc. 72:256-260. -12- **OUTLINE** CLAREE OUTDOOR SPRAYING COMPANY, INC. • PROFESSIONAL SERVICES OUTLINE FOR THE 1990-1991 CITY OF ELGIN ENVIRONMENTAL MOSQUITO MANAGEMENT (EMM) PROGRAM Phase I . GENERAL SERVICES A. Survey and Mapping B. Computer System C . Public Relations D . Mosquito Hot Line Citizen Response E . Insurance Coverage P . Program Reports G . Program Staff and Quality Control Phase II . SURVEILLANCE AND MONITORING A . Mosquito-Borne Disease Monitoring B. Asian Tiger Mosquito Monitoring C . Floodwater Mosquito Brood Prediction D . New Jersey Light Trap Network : Operation of two ( 2 ) traps within the City of Elgin E . Weather Monitoring - Operational Forecasts Phase III . LARVAL CONTROL A. Targeted Mosquito Management System (TMMS ) computer data base and site management . B . Larval Site Monitoring : 1 . Three ( 3 ) complete inspections of all 145 sites. 2 . Six ( 6 ) targeted inspections of forty-five (45 ) sites . C. Prescription Larval Control with B. t. i. , 5% Abate pellets , Altoside briquests , and stocking of 2500 mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis ) for biological control . D . Catch Basin Control : N/A treatments of N/A catch basins , inlets , and manholes with Altosid briquets ( IGR) . E. Helicopter Prehatch Applications : Two ( 2 ) applications with 5% Abate pellets of 135 acres for floodwater mosquito control . F. Source Reduction RECommendations . -13- Phase IV. ADULT MOSQUITO MANAGEMENT A. Adulticiding in mosquito harborage areas. 1 . Scheduled truck ULV treatments with Scourge insecticide of a N/A mile route. 2 . Scheduled backpack barrier application with permethrin of a Ea mile route. B. Adulticiding in Residential Areas . 1 . Community-wide truck ULV treatments of N/A miles of streets with Cythion when migratory adult mosquito monitoring thresholds are exceeded or an encephalitis alert is issued. C . Adulticiding Operational Procedures 1 . Notification of community contact. 2 . Weather limit monitoring and compliance. 3 . Community resident notification. 4 . ULV particle size evaluation. 5 . Insecticide dosage and quality control analysis . 6 . ULV touch-up based on citizen complaints . ******************************************************************** 1990 EMM Program Service Cost for Phases I , II , III , and IV: 14 , 782 . 00 6% Chemical Liability Surcharge: 886 . 00 1990 EMM Program Total Cost: 15 , 668 . 00 1990 EMM Payment Plan: Four monthly invoices for *3 , 917 .00 will be issued on May 1 , June 1 , July 1 , August 1 , 1990 . 4 -14- ** SERVICE CONTRACT ** CLARKE OUTDOOR SPRAYING COMPANY, INC. SERVICE GUARANTEE AND AGREEMENT FOR THE 1990-1991 CITY OF ELGIN ENVIRONMENTAL MOSQUITO MANAGEMENT (EMM) PROGRAM I . Service Guarantee. The Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company, Inc . is committed to providing the City of Elgin with environmentally safe services, and guarantees program satisfaction. Clarke will respond and resolve all verbal or written concerns from community officials and residents over program effectiveness , and re-treat , any areas not satisfactorily covered . II . EMM Payment Plan. As specified in the Cost Outline , the 1990 EMM program cost of $15 , 668 . 00 for the City will be made in four equal installments . The City of Elgin has the option to accept a two ( 2 ) year contract for 1991 , with no increase over 1990 rates. PAYMENT SCHEDULE 1990 Season 1991 Season May 1 3 , 917 . 00 4 , 152 .00 June 1 3 , 917 . 00 4 , 152 . 00 July 1 3 , 917 . 00 4 , 152 .00 Aug . 1 3 ,917 .00 4 , 152 .00 TOTAL $15 , 668 . 00 $16 , 608 . 00 III . Approved Contract Period and Agreement . Please check one of the following Contract Periods : ( ) 1990 Season Only. ( ) 1990-1991 Season ( New areas to be covered in 1991 , will be prorated to the program cost at the rates in effect at the time . FOR THE CITY OF ELGIN: NAME TITLE DATE FOR THE10ARKE OUT ' ' ' ' SPRAYING COMPANY, INC. : NAME •' �� ei-V TITLE Control Consult/ DATE 2.-4-90 J. ► yet Clarke III , Ph . D . Entomologist -15- IV. ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION Invoices should be sent to: Name Address City Zip Contact Person for the City of Elgin: Name Office # : ( )- Home # : ( )- Alternate Contact Person for the City of Elgin: Name Office # : ( )- Home # : ( )- -16- ' �., ISSUE DATE(MM/DD/YY) Are1:u. CERTIFICATE •.: F' INSURANCE ::.: Q ��. ..._._. ....:k__._.. • 06/05/89 I milAmerican Mosquito Management THIS CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED AS A MATTER OF INFORMATION ONLY AND CONFERS Insurance Assoc. , Inc. , A Risk NO RIGHTS UPON THE CERTIFICATE HOLDER.THIS CERTIFICATE DOES NOT AMEND, • EXTEND OR ALTER THE COVERAGE AFFORDED BY THE POLICIES BELOW Retention "Purchasing Group" qualified under the Risk Retention COMPANIES AFFORDING COVERAGE Act of 1986; Federal Law 97.45 P. O. Box 06357 COMPARNYA NOTICE: Coverage is being provided oDSalt Lake City,sth 84106 as part of a MASTER GROUP POLICY COMPANYRB ISSUED TO MEMBERS of the American NsuRED Mosquito Management Insurance Assoc. ' Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company Inc. , A Risk Retention "Purchasing 159 Garden Avenue Group" authorized under the Risk P. O. Box 72288 COMPANY LETTER D Retention Act of 1986; Federal Law Roselle, IL 60172 97.45, in the State of Utah, by COMPANY Homestead Insurance Company (PA) . LETTR OVERAGES THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE POLICIES OF INSURANCE LISTED BELOW HAVE BEEN ISSUED TO THE INSURED NAMED ABOVE FOR THE POLICY PERIOD INDICATED,NOTWITHSTANDING ANY REQUIREMENT,TERM OR CONDITION OF ANY CONTRACT OR OTHER DOCUMENT WITH RESPECT TO WHICH THIS CERTIFICATE MAY BE ISSUED OR MAY PERTAIN.THE INSURANCE AFFORDED BY THE POLICIES DESCRIBED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO ALL THE TERMS, EXCLUSIONS AND CONDITIONS OF SUCH POLICIES.LIMITS SHOWN MAY HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY PAID CLAIMS. POLICY EFFECTIVE POLICY EXPIRATION R TYPE OF INSURANCE POLICY NUMBER DATE(MM/DD/YY) DATE(MM/DD/YY) ALL LIMITS IN THOUSANDS GENERAL LIABILITY GENERAL AGGREGATE S 1, 000 X COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY PRODUCTS-COMP/OPS AGGREGATE 5 CLAIMS MADE X OCCUR. AML 1611 01-20-89 01-19-90 PERSONAL SADVERTISING INJURY S OWNER'S&CONTRACTOR'S PROT. MM 1401 002 EACH OCCURRENCE S FIRE DAMAGE(Any one firs) S MEDICAL EXPENSE(Any one person) S AUTOMOBILE LIABILITY COMBINED SINGLE S ANY AUTO LIMIT ALL OWNED AUTOS BODILY INJURY S SCHEDULED AUTOS (Per person) HIRED AUTOS BODILY NON-OWNED AUTOS A' &r-f, INJURY i . 140\ ;` (Per accident) GARAGE LIABILITY ' �_.:"'. •i.�_ter-f ��. 'l'C PROPERTY _.t(ViC X17 -' - CPI I DAMAGE S EXCESS LIABILITY ` .r J n i INCC f �^` �V EACH AGGREGATE ,.7 L OCCURRENCE S S OTHER THAN UMBRELLA FORM_-- WORKER'S COMPENSATION ANDSTATUTORY ©/.....\ S (EACH ACCIDENT) S (DISEASE—POLICY LIMIT) EMPLOYERS'LIABILITY 5 (DISEASE—EACH,E!:PLCYEE OITHER ` i CRIPTION OF OPERATIONS/LOCATIONS/VEHICLES/RESTRICTIONS/SPECIAL ITEMS Mosquito Control 3TIFICATE HOLDER CANCELLATION SHOULD ANY OF THE ABOVE DESCRIBED POLICIES BE CANCELLED BEFORE THE EXPIRATION DATE THEREOF, THE ISSUING COMPANY WILL NISK46Fic>i6 MAIL.22_DAYS WRITTEN NOTICE TO THE CERTIFICATE HOLDER NAMED TO THE LEFT, M2K eCIYAMt l aREPSKA) nt yE�yNl�YALIVRS*�1# • AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE )RD 25-S (3/88) r+Arnon rnonno.T.—.. ___ Certificate of Insurance This certificate i,issued as a matter of information only and confers no rights upon the certificate holder. This Certificate does not amend,extend or alter the coverage afforded by the policies listed below. _ertifiate of Insurance or Binder evidences the limits of liability in effect at the inception of the policies shown. Note the aggregate limits. All Claims exhaust the aggregate limits and reduce the amount of the insurance in force. ne and Address of Broker Companies Affording Coverages Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. - Chicago Company A Safeco Insurance Company 150 S.Wacker Drive Letter Chicago, IL 60606 Company B Travelers Insurance Company Letter ne and Address of Insured Company C Transamerica Insurance Clarke Outdoor Spraying Company, Inc. Letter 159 North Garden Avenue Company D U.S. Fire Insurance Roselle,Illinois 60172 Letter Company E Lr This is to certify that policies of insurance listed below have been issued to the insured named above and are in force at this time. pany Type of Insurance Policy Number PolicyLiners et u.aMy on Thousands 10001 lerExpiratioDate Each Occurrence General uranat. General Liability Bodily Injury S s ❑ Comprehensive Form CP8908443D 4-1-90 ® Premises-Operations Property Damage S S ❑ Explosion&Collapse Hazard ❑ Underground Hazard ❑ Products/Completed Operations Hazard Bodily Injury and Q Contractual Insurance Property Damage .1,000, ;2,000, ❑ Broad Form Property Damage Combined ❑ independent Contractors Q Personal Injury Q Personal Injury S Automobile Liability EanlchyPersonlnjury) s . Q Comprehensive Form Bodily Injury w • Owned BA8908443E 4-1-90 (Each Occurrence) © Hired Property Damage S Q Non-Owned 9 Excess Liability Bodily Injury and S S ❑ Umbrella Form Property Damage ❑ Other Than Umbrella Form Combined Workers'Compensation Statutory and 6J-UB-578E716-9-89 4-1-90 Employers'Liability r.a,� �:w: S1,000Each Accident • Aircraft 120-749-0 p (See Attached Page) AG61903032-4 4-1.90 :notion of Operations/LocationsNehides: ellation: Should any of the above-described policies be canceled before the expiration date thereof,the issuing company will endeavor to mail 30 days written notice to the below named certificate holder,but failure to mail such notice shall impose no obligation or liability of any kind upon the company. Name and Address of Certificate Holder: Date Issued: April 1,1989 • Arthur J.Gallagher&Co. By 1110(1 Authorized Representative • CLARK OUTDOOR SPRAYING COMPANY, INC. CERTIFICATE OF INSURANCE -PAGE 2 Company Type of Insurance Policy No. Expiration Limits D Chemical AG-61- 4/1/90 Bodily Injury Spraying Liability 903032-4 $100,000 Per Person $300,000 Per Occurrence Property Damage • $100,000 Each Occurrence $200,000 Aggregate C Aircraft Liability 120-749-0 4/1/90 $1,000,000 Combined Single Limit Bodily Injury & Property Damage $1,000,000 Each Occurrence C Passenger 120-749-0 4/1/90 Bodily Injury Liability $250,000 Per Person $250,000 Each Occurrence As respects to F.A.A. Cert #N1347Yand #N4100G